BYLAWS OF DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
Published on April 1, 2008
Exhibit
3.2
BYLAWS
OF
DYNEX
CAPITAL, INC.,
a
Virginia corporation
Amended
and Restated as of
March
26, 2008
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Page No.
ARTICLE
I
Offices and Fiscal Year
SECTION
1.01
|
Principal
Office
|
1
|
SECTION
1.02
|
Other
Offices
|
1
|
SECTION
1.03
|
Fiscal
Year
|
1
|
ARTICLE
II
Meetings
of Shareholders
SECTION
2.01
|
Places
of Meeting
|
1
|
SECTION
2.02
|
Annual
Meetings
|
1
|
SECTION
2.03
|
Special
Meetings
|
1
|
SECTION
2.04
|
Notice
of Meetings
|
2
|
SECTION
2.05
|
Quorum,
Manner of Acting and Adjournment
|
2
|
SECTION
2.06
|
Organization
|
3
|
SECTION
2.07
|
Voting
|
3
|
SECTION
2.08
|
Voting
Lists
|
4
|
SECTION
2.09
|
Judges
of Election
|
4
|
SECTION
2.10
|
Determination
of Shareholders of Record
|
5
|
SECTION
2.11
|
Consent
of Shareholders in Lieu of Meeting
|
5
|
SECTION
2.12
|
Order
of Business
|
5
|
ARTICLE
III
Board
of Directors
SECTION
3.01
|
Powers
|
7
|
SECTION
3.02
|
Number,
Election and Term
|
7
|
SECTION
3.03
|
Vacancies
|
9
|
SECTION
3.04
|
Resignations
|
10
|
SECTION
3.05
|
Removal
|
10
|
SECTION
3.06
|
Committees
of the Board
|
10
|
SECTION
3.07
|
Meetings
of the Board of Directors
|
11
|
SECTION
3.08
|
Quorum
and Voting
|
12
|
SECTION
3.09
|
Organization
|
13
|
SECTION
3.10
|
Meeting
by Conference Telephone
|
13
|
SECTION
3.11
|
Action
Without Meeting
|
13
|
SECTION
3.12
|
Compensation
of Directors
|
13
|
SECTION
3.13
|
Investment
Policies
|
13
|
i
Page
No.
ARTICLE
IV
Notice
- - Waivers - Meetings
SECTION
4.01
|
What
Constitutes Notice
|
14
|
SECTION
4.02
|
Waiver
of Notice
|
14
|
ARTICLE
V
Officers
SECTION
5.01
|
Number,
Qualifications and Designation
|
15
|
SECTION
5.02
|
Election
and Term of Office
|
15
|
SECTION
5.03
|
Subordinate
Officers, Committees and Agents
|
15
|
SECTION
5.04
|
Resignations
|
15
|
SECTION
5.05
|
Removal
|
15
|
SECTION
5.06
|
Vacancies
|
16
|
SECTION
5.07
|
General
Powers
|
16
|
SECTION
5.08
|
The
Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board
|
16
|
SECTION
5.09
|
The
President
|
16
|
SECTION
5.10
|
The
Vice Presidents
|
16
|
SECTION
5.11
|
The
Secretary
|
16
|
SECTION
5.12
|
The
Treasurer
|
17
|
SECTION
5.13
|
Officers’
Bonds
|
17
|
SECTION
5.14
|
Salaries
|
17
|
ARTICLE
VI
Capital
Stock
SECTION
6.01
|
Shares
of Stock
|
17
|
SECTION
6.02
|
Stolen,
Lost or Destroyed Certificates
|
19
|
SECTION
6.03
|
Transfer
Agents and Registrars
|
20
|
SECTION
6.04
|
Transfer
of Stock
|
20
|
SECTION
6.05
|
Registered
Shareholders
|
21
|
SECTION
6.06
|
Regulations
|
21
|
ARTICLE
VII
Miscellaneous
SECTION
7.01
|
Corporate
Seal
|
21
|
SECTION
7.02
|
Checks
|
21
|
SECTION
7.03
|
Contracts
|
21
|
SECTION
7.04
|
Deposits
|
21
|
SECTION
7.05
|
Reports
|
22
|
SECTION
7.06
|
Corporate
Records
|
22
|
SECTION
7.07
|
Amendment
of Bylaws
|
22
|
ii
ARTICLE
I
Offices
and Fiscal Year
SECTION
1.01
Principal Office. The
principal office of the Corporation shall be located at 4551 Cox Road, Suite
300, Glen Allen, Virginia 23060, until otherwise established by a vote of a
majority of the Board of Directors.
SECTION
1.02 Other Offices. The
Corporation also may have offices at such places within or without the
Commonwealth of Virginia as the Board of Directors may from time to time
designate or the business of the Corporation may require.
SECTION
1.03
Fiscal Year. The
fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin on the first day of January and end
on the 31st day of December.
ARTICLE
II
Meetings
of Shareholders
SECTION
2.01 Places of Meeting.
All meetings of the shareholders of the Corporation shall be held at such place,
either within or without the Commonwealth of Virginia, as from time to time may
be fixed by the President or by the Board of Directors in the notice of such
meeting.
SECTION
2.02
Annual Meetings. The
President or the Board of Directors may fix the date and time of the annual
meeting of the shareholders, but if no such date and time is fixed by the
President or the Board of Directors, the meeting for any calendar year shall be
held on the fourth Monday in March in such year, if not a legal holiday under
the laws of Virginia, and, if a legal holiday, then on the next succeeding
business day, at 10:00 a.m., and at such meeting the shareholders then entitled
to vote shall elect directors and shall transact such other business as
may properly be brought before the meeting. Failure to hold an annual
meeting does not invalidate the Corporation’s existence or affect any otherwise
valid corporate acts.
SECTION
2.03 Special Meetings.
Special meetings of the shareholders of the Corporation for any purpose or
purposes may be called at any time by the President, the Chairman of the Board
of Directors, by a majority of the Board of Directors, by a majority of the
Unaffiliated Directors (as defined in Section 3.02 hereof), or
1
by
shareholders entitled to cast at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the votes
which all shareholders are entitled to cast at the particular
meeting.
At any
time, upon the written consent of any person or persons who have duly called a
special meeting, which written request shall state the object of the meeting, it
shall be the duty of the Secretary to fix the date of the meeting to be held at
such date and time as the Secretary may fix, not less than ten nor more than
sixty days after the receipt of the request, and to give due notice thereof. If
the Secretary shall neglect or refuse to fix the date and time of such meeting
and give notice thereof, the person or persons calling the meeting may do
so.
SECTION
2.04 Notice of Meetings.
Written notice of every meeting of the shareholders, whether annual or special,
shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting, at
least ten and not more than sixty days prior to the day named for the meeting,
except that notice of a meeting of shareholders to act on an amendment to the
Articles of Incorporation, a plan of merger or share exchange, a proposed sale
of assets pursuant to Va. Code § 13.1-724, or the dissolution of the Corporation
shall be given not less than twenty-five nor more than sixty days prior to the
day named for the meeting. Every notice of a special meeting shall state briefly
the purpose or purposes thereof, and no business, other than that specified in
such notice and matters germane thereto, shall be transacted at any special
meeting without further notice to shareholders not present in person or by
proxy.
Whenever
the language of a proposed resolution is included in a written notice of a
meeting of shareholders, the resolution may be adopted at such meeting with such
clarifying or other amendments as do not enlarge its original purpose without
further notice to shareholders not present in person or by proxy.
SECTION
2.05 Quorum, Manner of Acting and
Adjournment. The presence in person or by proxy of shareholders entitled
to cast a majority of the votes which all shareholders are entitled to cast on
the particular matter shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of considering
such matter. The shareholders present in person or by proxy at a duly
organized meeting can continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding
the withdrawal of enough shareholders from the meeting so that less than a
quorum remains.
In the
absence of a quorum or for any other reason, the Chairman of the meeting or the
board of directors or the shareholders present in person or by proxy acting by a
majority vote and without notice other than by announcement at the meeting may
adjourn the meeting from time to time but not for a period exceeding 120 days
after the original meeting date.
2
Except as
otherwise specified in the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws or provided
by applicable law, the acts, at a duly organized meeting, of the shareholders
present, in person or by proxy, entitled to cast at least a majority of the
votes which all shareholders present in person or by proxy are entitled to cast
shall be the acts of the shareholders.
SECTION
2.06
Organization. At
every meeting of the shareholders, the Chairman of the Board, if there be one,
shall conduct the meeting or, in the case of vacancy in office or absence of the
Chairman of the Board, one of the following officers present shall conduct the
meeting in the order stated: the Vice Chairman of the Board, if there be one,
the President, the Vice Presidents in their order of rank and seniority, or a
Chairman chosen by the shareholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes
which all shareholders present in person or by proxy are entitled to cast, shall
act as Chairman, and the Secretary, or, in his absence, an assistant secretary,
or in the absence of both the Secretary and assistant secretaries, a person
appointed by the Chairman shall act as Secretary.
At any
meeting of shareholders of the Corporation, the chairman of the meeting shall
have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures
and to do all such acts and things as are necessary or desirable for the proper
conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, the establishment of
procedures for the dismissal of business not properly presented, the maintenance
of order and safety, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments
on the affairs of the Corporation, restrictions on entry to such meeting after
the time prescribed for the commencement thereof and the opening and closing of
the voting polls. This Section 2.06 shall not limit the right of shareholders to
speak at meetings of shareholders on matters germane to the Corporation’s
business, subject to any rules for the orderly conduct of the meeting imposed by
the chairman of the meeting.
SECTION
2.07 Voting. Every
shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders or to express consent
or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize
another person or persons to act for him by proxy. Every proxy shall be executed
in writing by the shareholder or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact and
filed with the Secretary of the Corporation. A proxy, unless coupled with an
interest, shall be revocable at will, notwithstanding any other agreement or any
provision in the proxy to the contrary, but the revocation of a proxy shall not
be effective until notice thereof has been given to the Secretary. No unrevoked
proxy shall be valid after eleven months from the date of its execution, unless
a longer time is expressly provided therein. A proxy shall not be revoked by the
death or incapacity of the maker unless, before the authority is exercised,
written notice of
3
such
death or incapacity is given to the secretary. A shareholder shall not sell his
vote or execute a proxy to any person for any sum of money or anything of
value.
Each
shareholder of record, except the holder of shares which have been called for
redemption and with respect to which an irrevocable deposit of funds has been
made, shall have the right, at every shareholder meeting, to one vote for every
share, and to a fraction of a vote equal to every fractional share.
SECTION
2.08
Voting Lists. The
officer or agent of the Corporation having charge of the stock transfer books
for shares of the Corporation shall make, at least ten days before each meeting
of shareholders, a complete list of the shareholders entitled to vote at the
meeting or any adjournment thereof, arranged in alphabetical order, with the
address of and the number of shares held by each, which list shall be kept on
file at the registered office of the Corporation or at the principal office or
at the office of the transfer agent or registrar of the Corporation, and shall
be subject to inspection by any shareholder at any time during usual business
hours. Such list also shall be produced and kept open at the time and place of
the meeting and shall be subject to the inspection of any shareholder during the
whole time of the meeting. The original share ledger or stock transfer book, or
a duplicate thereof shall be prima facie evidence as to who are the shareholders
entitled to examine such list or share ledger or stock transfer book, or to
vote, in person or by proxy, at any meeting of shareholders.
SECTION
2.09 Judges of Election.
The vote upon any matter, including the election of directors, need not be by
ballot. In advance of any meeting of shareholders the Board of Directors may
appoint judges of election, who need not be shareholders, to act at such meeting
or any adjournment thereof. If judges of election are not so appointed, the
chairman of any such meeting may, and upon the demand of any shareholder or his
proxy at the meeting and before voting begins shall, appoint judges of election.
The number of judges shall be either one or three, as determined, in the case of
judges appointed upon demand of a shareholder, by shareholders present entitled
to cast a majority of the votes which all shareholders present are entitled to
cast thereon. No person who is a candidate for office shall act as a judge. In
case any person appointed as judge fails to appear or fails or refuses to act,
the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Board of Directors in
advance of the convening of the meeting, or at a meeting by the chairman of the
meeting.
If judges
of election are appointed as aforesaid, they shall determine the number of
shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the
meeting, the existence of a quorum, the authenticity, validity
4
and
effect of proxies, receive votes or ballots, hear and determine all challenges
and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote, count and
tabulate all votes, determine the result, and do such acts as may be proper to
conduct the election or vote with fairness to all shareholders. If there be
three judges of election, the decision, act or certificate of a majority shall
be effective in all respects as the decision, act or certificate of
all.
On request of the chairman of the
meeting or of any shareholder or his proxy, the judges shall make a report in
writing of any challenge or question or matter determined by them and execute a
certificate of any fact found by them.
SECTION
2.10
Determination of
Shareholders of Record. The Board of Directors may fix a date, not more
than seventy nor less than ten days preceding the date of any meeting of
shareholders, and not more than seventy days preceding the date fixed for the
payment of any dividend or distribution, or the date for the allotment of
rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of shares will be
made or go into effect, as a record date for the determination of the
shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any such meeting, or entitled
to receive any such allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights in respect to
any such change, conversion or exchange of shares; and in such case, if
otherwise entitled to notice of, or to vote at, such meeting, or to receive
payment of such dividend or distribution or to receive such allotment of rights,
or exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any
shares on the books of the Corporation after any such record date fixed as
aforesaid.
Unless a
record date is fixed by the Board of Directors for such purpose, transferees of
shares which are transferred on the books within ten days next preceding the
date of such meeting shall not be entitled to notice of, or to vote at, such
meeting.
SECTION
2.11
Consent of Shareholders in
Lieu of Meeting. Any action which may be taken at a meeting of the
shareholders or a class of shareholders of the Corporation may be taken without
a meeting if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the actions so
taken, shall be signed by all the shareholders who would be entitled to vote at
a meeting of the shareholders or of a class of shareholders for such purpose and
shall be filed with the Secretary.
SECTION 2.12
Order of Business. At
any meeting of shareholders of the Corporation, only that business that is
properly brought before the meeting may be presented to and acted upon by
shareholders. To be
5
properly
brought before an annual meeting, business must be brought (a) by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors or (b) by any shareholder of the Corporation
who shall be entitled to vote at such meeting and who complies with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section 2.12. At a special meeting of shareholders,
no business shall be transacted and no corporate action taken other than that
stated in the notice of the meeting.
In
addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly
brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, the shareholder must have
given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the Corporation. To
be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be given, either by personal delivery or
by United States certified mail, postage prepaid, and received at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation (i) not less than 90 days nor more than 180
days before the first anniversary of the date of the Corporation’s proxy
statement in connection with the last annual meeting of shareholders or (b) if
no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the date of the applicable
annual meeting has been changed by more than 30 days from the date contemplated
at the time of the previous year’s proxy statement, not less than 90 days before
the date of the applicable annual meeting. A shareholder’s notice to the
secretary shall set forth as to each matter the shareholder proposes to bring
before the annual meeting (a) a brief description of the business desired to be
brought before the annual meeting, including the complete text of any
resolutions to be presented at the annual meeting, and the reasons for
conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and address, as
they appear on the Corporation’s stock transfer books, of such shareholder
proposing such business, (c) a representation that such shareholder is a
shareholder of record and intends to appear in person or by proxy at such
meeting to bring the business before the meeting specified in the notice, (d)
the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation beneficially owned by
the shareholder and (e) any material interest of the shareholder in such
business. The Secretary of the Corporation shall deliver each such shareholder’s
notice that has been timely received to the Board of Directors or a committee
designated by the Board of Directors for review.
Notwithstanding
anything in the By-Laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an
annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
Section 2.12. The chairman of a meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine
that the business was not brought before the meeting in accordance with the
procedures prescribed by this Section 2.12, and if he should so determine, he
shall so declare to the meeting and the business not properly brought before the
meeting shall not be transacted.
6
In
addition to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.12, a shareholder seeking
to have a proposal included in the Corporation’s proxy statement shall comply
with the requirements of Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended (including, but not limited to, Rule 14a-8 or its successor
provision). The Corporation shall not have any obligation to communicate with
shareholders regarding any business or director nomination submitted by a
shareholder in accordance with this Section 2.12 unless otherwise required by
law.
ARTICLE
III
Board
of Directors
SECTION
3.01
Powers. The Board of
Directors shall have full power to conduct, manage, and direct the business and
affairs of the Corporation, and all powers of the Corporation, except those
specifically reserved or granted to the shareholders by statute or by the
Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, are hereby granted to and vested in
the Board of Directors.
SECTION
3.02
Number, Election and
Term. The Board of Directors shall consist of five directors. If the
Corporation seeks to qualify as a real estate investment trust, the number of
directors shall be increased or decreased from time to time by vote of a
majority of the entire Board of Directors; provided, however, that the number of
directors may not exceed fifteen nor be less than three except as permitted by
law, and provided further, that the tenure of office of a director shall not be
affected by any decrease or increase in the number of directors so made by the
Board of Directors. During such time as the Corporation seeks to qualify as a
real estate investment trust, except in the case of a vacancy, a majority of the
Board of Directors shall be Unaffiliated Directors (as hereinafter defined). For
purposes of these Bylaws, “Unaffiliated Director” shall mean a director of the
Corporation who is not affiliated, directly or indirectly with any person or
entity, if any, responsible for directing and performing the day-to-day business
affairs of the Corporation (the “Manager”), whether by ownership of, ownership
interest in, employment by, any material business or professional relationship
with, or serves as an officer or director of the Manager or an affiliated
business entity of the Manager; provided, however, that a Director shall not be
considered Unaffiliated if he or she is serving as a director of more than three
REITs organized by the Manager or its affiliated business entities. “Affiliate”
means, when used with reference to a specified person, (i) any person that
directly or indirectly controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with the specified person, (ii) any person that is an officer of, partner in or
trustee of, or serves in a similar capacity with respect to, the specified
person or of which the
7
specified
person is an officer, partner or trustee, or with respect to which the specified
person serves in a similar capacity, and (iii) any person that, directly or
indirectly, is the beneficial owner of 5% or more of any class of equity
securities of the specified person or of which the specified person is directly
or indirectly the owner of 5% or more of any class of equity securities
(“person” includes a natural person, corporation, partnership, trust company or
other entity). At the first annual meeting of shareholders and at each annual
meeting thereafter, the shareholders shall elect directors to hold office until
the next annual meeting or until their successors are elected and qualify.
Directors need not be shareholders in the Corporation.
No person
shall be eligible for election as a director unless nominated in accordance with
the procedures set forth in this Section 3.02. Nominations of persons for
election to the Board of Directors may be made by the Board of Directors or any
committee designated by the Board of Directors or by any shareholder entitled to
vote for the election of directors at the applicable meeting of shareholders who
complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 3.02. Such
nominations, other than those made by the Board of Directors or any committee
designated by the Board of Directors, may be made only if written notice of a
shareholder’s intent to nominate one or more persons for election as directors
at the applicable meeting of shareholders has been given, either by personal
delivery or by United States certified mail, postage prepaid, to the secretary
of the Corporation and received (a) not less than 90 days nor more than 180 days
before the first anniversary of the date of the Corporation’s proxy statement in
connection with the last annual meeting of shareholders, or (b) if no annual
meeting was held in the previous year or the date of the applicable annual
meeting has been changed by more than 30 days from the date contemplated at the
time of the previous year’s proxy statement, not less than 90 days before the
date of the applicable annual meeting. Each such shareholder’s notice shall set
forth (i) as to the shareholder giving the notice, (1) the name and address, as
they appear on the Corporation’s stock transfer books, of such shareholder, (2)
a representation that such shareholder is a shareholder of record and intends to
appear in person or by proxy at such meeting to nominate the person or persons
specified in the notice, (3) the class and number of shares of stock of the
Corporation beneficially owned by such shareholder, and (4) a description of all
arrangements or understandings between such shareholder and each nominee and any
other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the
nomination or nominations are to be made by such shareholder; and (ii) as to
each person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election as a
director, (1) the name, age, business address and, if known, residence address
of such person, (2) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (3)
the class
8
and
number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by
such person, (4) any other information relating to such person that is required
to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors or is
otherwise required by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange
Commission promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
and (5) the written consent of such person to be named in the proxy statement as
a nominee and to serve as a director if elected. The secretary of the
Corporation shall deliver each such shareholder’s notice that has been timely
received to the Board of Directors or a committee designated by the Board of
Directors for review. Any person nominated for election as director by the Board
of Directors or any committee designated by the Board of Directors shall, upon
the request of the Board of Directors or such committee, furnish to the
secretary of the Corporation all such information pertaining to such person that
is required to be set forth in a shareholder’s notice of nomination. The
chairman of the meeting of shareholders shall, if the facts warrant, determine
that a nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by
this Section 3.02, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the
meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
At any
time when the Chairman of the Board is also serving as an officer of the
Corporation other than Chairman of the Board, the Board of Directors shall
designate one of its other directors who is not serving as an officer of the
Corporation as the lead independent director of the Corporation.
SECTION
3.03
Vacancies. Any
vacancy occurring on the Board of Directors for any cause other than by reason
of an increase in the number of directors may, subject to the provisions of
Section 3.05, be filled by a majority of the remaining members of the Board of
Directors, although such majority is less than a quorum; provided, however, that
if the Corporation has sought to qualify as a real estate investment trust and
in accordance with Section 3.02 a majority of the Board of Directors are
required to be Unaffiliated Directors, then Unaffiliated Directors shall
nominate replacements for vacancies among the Unaffiliated Directors, which
replacements must be elected by a majority of the directors, including a
majority of the Unaffiliated Directors. Any vacancy occurring by reason of an
increase in the number of directors may be filled by action of a majority of the
entire Board of Directors including a majority of Unaffiliated Directors. If the
shareholders of any class or series are entitled separately to elect one or more
directors, a majority of the remaining directors elected by that class or series
or the sole remaining director elected by that class or series may fill any
vacancy among the number of directors elected by that class or
9
series. A
director elected by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy shall be elected to
hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until his successor
is elected and qualified.
SECTION
3.04
Resignations. Any
director or member of a committee may resign at any time. Such resignation shall
be made in writing and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or if no
time be specified, at the time of the receipt by the Chairman of the Board, the
President or the Secretary.
SECTION
3.05
Removal. At any
meeting of shareholders, duly called and at which a quorum is present, the
shareholders may, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
votes entitled to be cast thereon, remove any director or directors from office
with or without cause, and may elect a successor or successors to fill any
resulting vacancies for the unexpired terms of removed directors.
SECTION
3.06
Committees of the
Board. The Board of Directors may appoint from among its members an
executive committee and other committees comprised of three or more directors. A
majority of the members of any committee so appointed shall be Unaffiliated
Directors. If the Corporation lists its shares on a national securities
exchange, the Board of Directors shall appoint an audit committee comprised of
not less than three members, all of whom are Unaffiliated Directors. The Board
of Directors may delegate to any committee any of the powers of the Board of
Directors except the power to elect directors, declare dividends or
distributions on stock, recommend to the shareholders any action which requires
shareholder approval, amend the Articles of Incorporation, amend or repeal the
Bylaws, approve any merger or share exchange which does not require shareholder
approval or issue stock. However, if the Board of Directors has given general
authorization for the issuance of stock, a committee of the Board, in accordance
with a general formula or method specified by the Board of Directors by
resolution or by adoption of a stock option plan, may fix the terms of stock
subject to classification or reclassification and the terms on which any stock
may be issued.
Notice of
committee meetings shall be given in the same manner as notice for special
meetings of the Board of Directors.
One-third,
but not less than two, of the members of any committee shall be present in
person at any meeting of such committee in order to constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business at such meeting, and the act of a majority present shall
be the act of such committee.
10
The Board
of Directors may designate a chairman of any committee, and such chairman or any
two members of any committee may fix the time and place of its meetings unless
the Board shall otherwise provide. In the absence or disqualification of any
member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting and not
disqualified from voting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may
unanimously appoint another director to act at the meeting in the place of such
absent or disqualified members; provided, however, that in the event of the
absence or disqualification of an Unaffiliated Director, such appointee shall be
an Unaffiliated Director.
Each
committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings and shall report the same to the
Board of Directors at the meeting next succeeding and any action by the
committees shall be subject to revision and alteration by the Board of
Directors, provided that no rights of third persons shall be affected by any
such revision or alteration.
Subject
to the provisions hereof, the Board of Directors shall have the power at any
time to change the membership of any committee, to fill all vacancies, to
designate alternative members to replace any absent or disqualified member, or
to dissolve any such committee.
SECTION
3.07 Meetings of the Board of
Directors. Meetings of the Board of Directors, regular or special, may be
held at any place in or out of the Commonwealth of Virginia as the Board may
from time to time determine or as shall be specified in the notice of such
meeting.
The first
meeting of each newly elected Board of Directors shall be held as soon as
practicable after the annual meeting of the shareholders at which the directors
were elected. The meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be
specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the
Board of Directors, or as shall be specified in a written waiver signed by all
of the directors as provided in Article IV, except that no notice shall be
necessary if such meeting is held immediately after the adjournment, and at the
site, of the annual meeting of shareholders.
Special
meetings of the Board of Directors may be called at any time by two or more
directors, by any lead independent director (if one has been
designated) or by a majority of the members of the executive
committee, if one be constituted, in writing with or without a meeting of such
committee or by the Chairman of the Board or the President. The lead independent
director (if one has been designated) may also call a separate meeting of the
directors of the Corporation who are not employees of the
Corporation. Special meetings may be held at such place or places in
or out of the Commonwealth of Virginia as may be designated from time to time by
the Board of
11
Directors;
in the absence of such designation, such meetings shall be held at such places
as may be designated in the notice of meeting.
Notice of
the place and time of every meeting of the Board of Directors shall be delivered
by the Secretary to each director personally, by first-class mail, or by
telephone, which shall also include voice-mail, or by electronic mail to any
electronic address of the director or by any other electronic means, or by
leaving the same at his residence or usual place of business at least
twenty-four hours before the time at which such meeting is to be held, or if by
first class mail, at least four days before the day on which such meeting is to
be held. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in
the United States mail addressed to the director at his post office address as
it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon
prepaid.
SECTION
3.08
Quorum and Voting. At
all meetings of the Board, a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the action of a
majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present
shall be the action of the Board of Directors unless the concurrence of a
greater proportion is required for such action by law, the Corporation’s
Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at
any meeting of directors, the directors present thereat may, by a majority vote,
adjourn the meeting from tine to time, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Notwithstanding
the first paragraph of this Section 3.08, and except as provided in the
Company’s Guidelines (as hereinafter defined) any action pertaining to a
transaction involving the Corporation in which any advisor, any director or
officer of the Corporation or any affiliate of any of the foregoing persons has
an interest shall be approved by a majority of the Unaffiliated Directors even
if the Unaffiliated Directors constitute less than a quorum. In approving any
such transaction or series of transactions the Unaffiliated Directors must
determine that:
(a)
the transaction as
contemplated is fair and reasonable to the Corporation and its
shareholders:
(b)
if an acquisition of
property other than mortgage collateral is involved, the total consideration is
not in excess of the appraised value of such property being acquired;
and
(c)
if the transaction involves
compensation to the Manager or any of its affiliates for services rendered in a
capacity other than that contemplated by the management arrangements, to the
knowledge of
12
the
directors such compensation is not greater than the customary charges for
comparable services generally available from other competent unaffiliated
persons.
SECTION
3.09 Organization. The
Chairman of the Board shall preside at each meeting of the Board of Directors;
provided, however, that the lead independent director (if one has been
designated) shall preside at any separate meeting of directors of the
Corporation who are not employees of the Corporation. In the absence or
inability of the Chairman of the Board to preside at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, the President, or, in his absence or inability to act, the lead
independent director (if one has been designated), or in their absence or
inability to act, another director chosen by a majority of the directors
present, shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside thereat. The Secretary
(or, in his absence or inability to act, any person appointed by the chairman of
the meeting) shall act as Secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes
thereof.
SECTION
3.10 Meeting by Conference
Telephone. Members of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting
by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment if all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time.
Participation in a meeting by such means constitutes presence in person at a
meeting.
SECTION
3.11
Action Without
Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of
the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a
meeting, if a written consent to such action is signed by all members of the
Board or of such committee, as the case may be, and such written consent is
filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.
SECTION
3.12
Compensation of
Directors. Unaffiliated Directors shall receive a stated salary for their
services or a fixed sum, and expenses of attendance for attendance at each
regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee
thereof or both, as may be determined from time to time by the Board. Nothing
herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the
Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation
therefor.
SECTION
3.13
Investment Policies.
It shall be the duty of the Board of Directors to ensure that the purchase,
sale, retention and disposal of the Corporation’s assets, and the investment
policies of the Corporation and
13
the
limitations thereon are at all times in compliance with the restrictions
applicable to real estate investment trusts pursuant to the Internal Revenue
Code of 1936, as amended.
The Board
of Directors, including a majority of the Independent Directors, shall
promulgate and approve guidelines governing the investment policies of the
Company (the “Guidelines”). The Guidelines and compliance therewith shall be
reviewed by the Board of Directors at least annually to determine that the
policies then being followed by the Corporation are in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Corporation. Each such determination and the basis therefor
shall be set forth in the minutes of the meeting of the Board of
Directors.
ARTICLE
IV
Notice
- - Waivers - Meetings
SECTION
4.01
What Constitutes
Notice. Whenever written notice is required to be given to any person
under the provisions of the Articles, these Bylaws, or the Virginia Stock
Corporation Act, it may be given to such person, either personally or by sending
a copy thereof through the mail, or by telegraph, charges prepaid, to his
address appearing on the books of the Corporation, or supplied by him to the
Corporation for the purpose of notice. If the notice is sent by mail or by
telegraph, it shall be deemed to have been given to the person entitled thereto
when deposited in the United States mail or with a telegraph office for
transmission to such person. A notice of a meeting shall specify the place, day
and hour of the meeting.
SECTION
4.02
Waiver of Notice.
Whenever any written notice is required to be given under the provisions of the
articles, these Bylaws, or the Virginia Stock Corporation Act, a waiver thereof
in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether
before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the
giving of such notice. Except in the case of a special meeting of shareholders,
neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, the meeting need
be specified in the waiver of notice of such meeting.
Attendance
of a person, either in person or by proxy, or by a telephone conference
arrangement which complies with Section 3.10 hereof, at any meeting, shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a person attends a
meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business
because the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.
14
ARTICLE
V
Officers
SECTION
5.01 Number, Qualifications and
Designation. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, one or
more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and such other officers as may
be elected in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.03 of this Article.
One person may hold more than one office. Officers may, but need not be,
directors or shareholders of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may elect
from among the members of the Board, a Chairman of the Board and Vice Chairman
of the Board, neither of whom will be an officer of the Company, unless so
designated by the Board.
SECTION
5.02 Election and Term of
Office. The officers of the Corporation, except those elected by
delegated authority pursuant to Section 5.03 of this Article, shall be elected
annually by the Board of Directors, and each officer shall hold his office until
the next annual organizational meeting of the Board of Directors and until his
successor shall have been duly chosen and qualified, or until his death,
resignation, or removal.
SECTION
5.03 Subordinate Officers,
Committees and Agents. The Board of Directors may from time to time elect
such other officers and appoint such committees, employees or other agents as
the business of the Corporation may require, including one or more assistant
secretaries, and one or more assistant treasurers, each of whom shall hold
office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are
provided in these Bylaws, or as the Board of Directors may from time to time
determine. The directors may delegate to any officer or committee the power to
elect subordinate officers and to retain or appoint employees or other
agents.
SECTION
5.04 Resignations. Any
officer or agent may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of
Directors, or to the President or the Secretary of the Corporation. Any such
resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at
any later time specified therein and, unless otherwise specified therein, the
acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it
effective.
SECTION
5.05
Removal. Any officer,
member of a committee, employee or other agent of the Corporation may be
removed, either for or without cause, by the Board of Directors or other
authority which elected or appointed such officer, neither of a committee or
other agent whenever in the judgment of such authority the best interests of the
Corporation will be served thereby.
15
SECTION
5.06
Vacancies. A vacancy
in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification, or any
other cause, shall be filled by the Board of Directors or by the officer or
remaining members of the committee to which the power to fill such office has
been delegated pursuant to Section 5.03 of this Article, as the case may be, and
if the office is one for which these Bylaws prescribe a term, shall be filled
for the unexpired portion of the term.
SECTION
5.07 General Powers. All
officers of the Corporation as between themselves and the Corporation, shall,
respectively, have such authority and perform such duties in the management of
the property and affairs of the Corporation as may be determined by resolution
of the Board of Directors, or in the absence of controlling provisions in a
resolution of the Board of Directors, as may be provided in these
Bylaws.
SECTION
5.08
The Chairman and Vice
Chairman of the Board. The chairman of the Board or in his absence, the
Vice Chairman of the Board, shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders
and the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may from time
to time be requested of him by the Board of Directors.
SECTION
5.09
The President. The
President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and shall have
general supervision over the business and operation of the Corporation, subject,
to the control of the Board of Directors. He shall sign, execute, and
acknowledge, in the name of the Corporation, deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts
or other instruments, authorized by the Board of Directors, except in cases
where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the
Board of Directors, or by these Bylaws, to some other officer or agent of the
Corporation, and, in general, shall perform all duties incident to the office of
President, and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by
the Board of Directors.
SECTION
5.10
The Vice Presidents.
The Vice Presidents shall perform the duties of the President in his absence and
such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to them by the Board of
Directors or by the President.
SECTION
5.11 The Secretary. The
Secretary or an assistant secretary shall attend all meetings of the
shareholders and of the Board of Directors and shall record all the votes of the
shareholders and of the directors and the minutes of the meetings of the
shareholders and of the Board of Directors and of committees of the Board
in
16
a book or
books to be kept for that purpose; shall see that notices are given and records
and reports properly kept and filed by the Corporation as required by law; shall
be the custodian of the seal of the Corporation and see that it is affixed to
all documents to be executed on behalf of the Corporation under its seal; and,
in general, shall perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary, and
such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of
Directors or the President.
SECTION
5.12
The Treasurer. The
Treasurer or an assistant treasurer shall have or provide for the custody of the
funds or other property of the corporation and shall keep a separate book
account of the same to his credit as Treasurer; shall collect and receive or
provide for the collection and receipts of monies earned by or in any manner due
to or received by the Corporation; shall deposit all funds in his custody as
Treasurer in such banks or other places of deposit as the Board of Directors may
from time to time designate; shall, whenever so required by the Board of
Directors, render an account showing his transactions as Treasurer and the
financial condition of the Corporation; and, in general, shall discharge such
other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of
Directors or the President.
SECTION
5.13
Officers’ Bonds. Any
officer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such sum,
if any, and with such surety or sureties as the Board of Directors shall
require.
SECTION
5.14 Salaries. The
salaries of the officers elected by the Board of Directors shall be fixed from
time to time by the Board of Directors or by such officer as may be designated
by resolution of the Board. The salaries or other compensation of any other
officers, employees and other agents shall be fixed from time to time by the
officer or committee to which the power to elect such officers or to retain or
appoint such employees or other agents has been delegated pursuant to Section
5.03 of this Article. No officer shall be prevented from receiving such salary
or other compensation by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the
Corporation.
ARTICLE
VI
Capital
Stock
SECTION
6.01
Shares of
Stock. The shares of
all classes and series of stock of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated as provided under
Virginia law, and shall be entered in the stock transfer books of the
Corporation and registered as they are
issued.
17
When shares of stock of the Corporation are
represented by certificates, such certificates
shall represent and certify the number and kind and class of shares owned
by the shareholder in the Corporation and shall
be in such form as may be required by law and approved by the Board of
Directors. Each certificate shall be signed by the Chairman of the
Board or the President or a Vice President and countersigned by the Secretary or
an assistant secretary or the Treasurer or an assistant treasurer and may be
sealed with the corporate seal or a facsimile thereof. The signatures
of the officers upon a share certificate may be facsimiles if the certificate is
countersigned by a transfer agent, or registered by a registrar, other than the
Corporation itself or an employee of the Corporation. In case any
officer who has signed any certificate ceases to be an officer of the
Corporation before the certificate is issued, the certificate may nevertheless
be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if the officer had not
ceased to be such officer as of the date of its issue. All certificates for the Corporation’s shares shall be
consecutively numbered or otherwise identified.
Each
stock certificate shall include on its face (i)
the name of the Corporation, (ii) that the Corporation is organized under the
laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, (iii) the name of the shareholder, (iv)
the number and class or series, if any, of the shares represented by the certificate, and (v) any additional information required by the
Virginia Stock Corporation Act to be included on
certificates. If the Corporation has authority to issue stock
of more than one class, or of more than one series within a class, the stock
certificate shall contain on its face or back a full statement or summary of the
designations and any preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, and terms and
conditions of redemption of the stock of each class which the Corporation is
authorized to issue and if the Corporation is authorized to issue any preferred
or special class in series, the differences in the relative rights, preferences
and limitations between the shares of each series to the extent they have been
set, and the authority of the Board of Directors to set the relative rights and
preferences of subsequent series. In lieu of such full statement or summary,
there may be set forth upon the face or back of the certificate a statement that
the Corporation will furnish to any shareholder upon request and without charge,
a full statement of such information. A summary of such information included in
a registration statement permitted to become effective under the federal
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shall be an acceptable summary for the
purposes of this section. Every stock certificate representing shares
of stock which are restricted as to transferability by the Corporation shall
contain a full statement of the restriction or state that the Corporation will
furnish information about the restriction to the shareholder on request and
without charge. A stock certificate may
18
not be
issued until the stock represented by it is fully paid, except in the case of
stock purchased under an option plan as permitted by law.
When shares of stock of the Corporation are not
represented by certificates, then within a reasonable time after the issuance or
transfer of such shares, the Corporation shall send, or cause to be sent, to the
shareholder to whom such shares have been issued or transferred a written notice
that shall set forth (i) the name of the Corporation, (ii) that the Corporation
is organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, (iii) the name of
the shareholder, (iv) the number and class or series, if any, of the shares
so held, and (v) any additional information required by the
Virginia Stock Corporation Act to be included on
certificates. If the Corporation has authority to issue stock
of more than one class, or of more than one series within a class, the written
notice shall contain the information required by the previous paragraph with
respect to each class or series, or shall contain a statement that the
Corporation will furnish such information to any shareholder upon request and
without charge. In the event the shares are restricted as to
transferability by the Corporation, then the written notice shall contain a full
statement of the restriction or state that the Corporation will furnish
information about the restriction to the shareholder on request and without
charge.
Blank share certificates shall be kept by the Secretary
or by a transfer agent or by a registrar or by any other officer or agent
designated by the Board of Directors.
SECTION
6.02 Stolen, Lost or Destroyed
Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct that a new certificate or
certificates be issued, or evidence of the holder’s ownership of shares in
uncertificated form be delivered, in place of any certificate or certificates
theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been stolen, lost or
destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming
the certificate of stock to be stolen, lost or destroyed. When authorizing such
issuance of a new certificate or certificates or delivery of evidence of the
holder’s ownership of such shares in uncertificated form, the Board of Directors
may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance or delivery
thereof, require the owner of such stolen, lost or destroyed certificate or
certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner
as it shall require, to give the Corporation a bond, with sufficient surety, to
the Corporation to indemnify it against any loss or claim which may arise by
reason of the issuance of a new certificate or delivery of evidence of the
holder’s ownership of such shares in uncertificated form, and to comply with any
other terms the Board of Directors may lawfully prescribe.
19
SECTION
6.03
Transfer Agents and
Registrars. At such time as the Corporation lists its securities on a
national securities exchange, the Board of Directors shall appoint one or more
transfer agents and/or registrars of the shares of stock of the Corporation;
and, upon such appointments being made, no certificate representing shares shall
be valid until countersigned by one of such transfer agents and registered by
one of such registrars.
SECTION
6.04 Transfer of
Stock. The Corporation, or its
designated transfer agent or other agent, shall keep a book or set of books to
be known as the stock transfer books of the Corporation, containing the name of
each shareholder of record, together with such shareholder’s address and the
number and class or series of shares held by such shareholder. Such
information may be stored or retained on discs, tapes, cards or any other
approved storage device relating to data processing equipment; provided that
such device is capable of reproducing all information contained therein in
legible and understandable form, for inspection by shareholders or for any other
corporate purpose.
No
transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made if (i) void ab initio pursuant to
any Article of the Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation, (ii) the Board of
Directors, pursuant to such Article, shall have refused to tender such shares,
or (iii) the transferee is a nonresident alien individual or foreign
entity. A permitted transfer of shares
shall be made and recorded on the stock transfer books of the Corporation upon
the receipt of proper transfer instructions as prescribed by the Board of
Directors, the payment of all taxes thereon, and, in the case of transfers of
shares which are represented by one or more certificates, only upon receipt of
such certificate(s) with proper endorsement or duly executed stock
transfer power, from the registered holder of
record or from such holder’s attorney thereunto authorized by power of
attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary or with a transfer agent or
transfer clerk. In the event a
certificate representing shares to be transferred cannot be surrendered because
it has been stolen, lost, or destroyed, the transferor shall comply with the
requirements imposed by the Board of Directors as set forth in Section 6.02 of
these Bylaws in lieu of surrendering a properly endorsed
certificate. Upon satisfactory completion by the transferor of the
requirements set forth in this Section 6.04, as to any transfer not
prohibited by the Articles of Incorporation or by action of the Board of
Directors thereunder, all certificates for the
transferred shares shall be cancelled, new certificates representing the
transferred shares (or evidence of the transferee’s ownership of the transferred
shares in uncertificated form) shall be delivered to the transferee, and the
transaction shall be recorded on the stock transfer books of the
Corporation. Except as otherwise provided by law, no transfer of
shares shall be valid as against the Corporation, its shareholders or creditors,
for any
20
purpose, until it shall have been entered in the stock
transfer books of the Corporation by an entry showing from and to whom
transferred.
SECTION
6.05 Registered
Shareholders. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the
exclusive right of a person registered on its stock transfer books as the owner
of shares (whether or not such shares are represented by certificates) to
receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and
assessments, if any, a person registered on its stock transfer books as the
owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other
claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person,
whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as
otherwise provided by law.
SECTION
6.06
Regulations. The
Board of Directors may make such additional rules and regulations, not
inconsistent with these Bylaws, as it may deem expedient concerning the issue,
transfer and registration of shares of stock of the Corporation (whether or not
such shares are represented by certificates).
ARTICLE
VII
Miscellaneous
SECTION
7.01 Corporate Seal. The
Corporation shall have a corporate seal in the form of a circle containing the
name of the Corporation and such other details as may be required by the Board
of Directors.
SECTION
7.02
Checks. All checks,
notes, bills of exchange or other orders in writing shall be signed by such
person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time
designate.
SECTION
7.03
Contracts. Except as
otherwise provided in these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may authorize any
officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or to execute
or deliver any instrument on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may
be general or confined to specific instances.
SECTION 7.04
Deposits. All funds
of the Corporation shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the
Corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as the Board
of Directors may
21
approve
or designate, and all such funds shall be withdrawn only upon checks signed by
such one or more officers or employees as the Board of Directors shall from time
to time determine.
SECTION
7.05
Reports. The Board of
Directors shall present at the annual meeting of shareholders a report of the
financial condition of the Corporation as of the closing date of the preceding
fiscal year. Such report shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board
of Directors and shall be available for inspection of shareholders at the annual
meeting, but the Board of Directors shall not be required to cause such report
to be sent to the shareholders.
SECTION
7.06
Corporate Records.
There shall be kept at the principal office of the Corporation an original or
duplicate record of the proceedings of the shareholders and of the directors,
and the original or a copy of the Bylaws including all amendments or alterations
thereto to date, certified by the Secretary. An original or duplicate stock
transfer book shall also be kept at the registered office or principal place of
business of the Corporation, or at the office of a transfer agent or registrar,
giving the names of the shareholders, their respective addresses and the number
and class of shares held by each. The Corporation shall also keep appropriate,
complete and accurate books or records of account, which may be kept at its
registered office or at its principal place of business.
SECTION
7.07 Amendment of Bylaws.
These Bylaws may be amended or replaced, or new Bylaws may be adopted, either
(1) by the vote of the shareholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the
votes which all shareholders are entitled to cast thereon at any duly organized
annual or special meeting of shareholders, or (2), with respect to those matters
which are not by statute reserved exclusively to the shareholders, by vote of a
majority of the Board of Directors, including a majority of the unaffiliated
directors of the Corporation in office at any regular or special meeting of
directors. It shall not be necessary to set forth such proposed amendment,
repeal or new Bylaws, or a summary thereof, in any notice of such meeting,
whether annual, regular or special.
ADOPTED: March
26, 2008
22